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照顧美台關係的花園美國在台協會處長楊甦棣美國商會演講詞

姜森會長、魏理庭執行長、各位女生、先生。今天很高興參加美國商會的會員大會。我想用一點時間,謝謝美國商會對美台關係所做的一切貢獻。美國商會的會員和美國商會本身,在台灣均是優良企業公民。各位非常努力的支持美國企業發展,並加強美台關係。我想不出貢獻比你們更多的團體。非常感謝你們。

今天是絕佳的機會,可以讓我來談美台關係,特別是經貿關係,還有未來走向,以及美國在台協會和美國正如何努力更加強化這個關係。

不過我要表明,我不保證今天的演講可以像某些美國商會會員,在前兩週的美國舞會上,提供那麼精彩的娛樂效果。我特別要提的是安妮塔和理事會的表演。哇!那實在是太棒了!

美台夥伴關係強勁

各位都很清楚,美國與台灣的關係既深入且強勁,而且因我們長期的夥伴關係而欣欣向榮。我們的夥伴關係建立在三個基礎上﹕

1. 台灣的安全﹕這種安全的基礎是建立於美國在台灣關係法中的承諾,以及台灣本身對提供自我防禦的承諾。我在10月26日的記者會上曾相當詳細的談到這個主題,當然也吸引了大眾的注意!

2. 台灣的民主﹕台灣做為自由開放的社會及新興的民主體制,是亞洲和全世界的模範。台灣自由開放的社會是其繁榮的堅固基礎。我很樂觀,目前這段台灣政治的不確定時期,有助於強化民主體制,包括自由負責的媒體和獨立司法機關的法治。過去我一直這麼主張,未來也打算這麼做。

3. 堅強的美台雙邊經濟和貿易關係﹕這是我今天要談的主題。

我要講的題目是「照顧美台關係的花園」。不過我不是談雜草、肥料或花木。我想要表達的是我們的雙邊關係,特別是在經濟領域,蓬勃的成長。這方面需要雙方持續的關注,以確保不斷獲得共同的利益。

台灣的經濟情況良好

在開始談美國的作為之前,我想先看看台灣的經濟表現是很重要的。如果只看台灣媒體的報導,有時甚至是美國商會的白皮書,通常都有一連串的問題,不時也會有前景低迷的預測。這其中有些令人擔心之處固然可以成立,不過重要的是,統計數據卻相當有力的指向不同的結論。

台灣的經濟其實表現良好。

讓我們看幾個主要的事實﹕

台灣的失業率低,已經下降到百分之四以下。

台灣等於沒有通貨膨脹的問題。今年前九個月的物價上漲率不到百分之一。

台灣的國內生產毛額成長相當可觀。2006年的國內生產毛額成長率預估在百分之四左右,明年和之後的預估也差不多。

台北股市同樣表現出穩固的成長。今年迄今上漲百分之十一,這反映投資人依然很有信心。

金融體系成功的降低了過去令人擔心的逾放比,現在已不到百分之三。

台灣的民間消費在2006年佔國內生產毛額百分之六十二。過去15年內這個數字比1991年的百分之五十四.六顯著上升,也高於香港、南韓及新加坡。

還有其他統計數字。比方說,台灣的外匯存底已經超過2600億美元,比2002年增加100億美元,使台灣排名全世界第三。

今年前十個月,外國對台灣的投資高達112億美元,是2005年同期的三倍以上,反映外國投資人對台灣有強烈的信心。

台灣也成為世界許多國家欽羨的對象,特別是在兩方面的經濟成功。大多數已開發和開發中國家現在渴望什麼?它們都想要有發達的高科技產業以及和中國成功的貿易關係。

台灣在這兩方面都十分成功。在高科技方面,台灣在生產最高品質的電腦零組件和電子產品上領先全球。雖然毫無疑問的,很多傳統製造業已外移到中華人民共和國或其他地方,可是台灣高科技業界的朋友告訴我們,生意好得不得了。我們也聽到有關的熱烈報導,指出台灣的公司如何把研發工作視為未來發展的關鍵。他們這麼做完全正確。

特別值得一提的是,台灣在中國無比的成功。沒有比台灣更成功打入中國市場、或利用中國做為製造業基地的國家。台灣官方的統計指出,台灣在海峽對岸的投資約500億美元。我們大多數人認為,實際金額至少是這個數字的兩、三倍。投資增加率仍持續上升,今年迄今已增加百分之二十七。

成千上萬的台商在中國各地經營工廠、企業及其他成功的事業。有些中國最著名、聲譽最佳的公司正是台商公司,對此在場諸位一點也不會訝異。而這些中國企業當中,有不少是台灣一些最大的客戶。

總而言之,台灣在中國的生意做得很不錯。中國目前是台灣第一大貿易夥伴。如果把香港也算在中華人民共和國的統計裡,那2006年前九個月,中國自台灣進口了價值650億美元的商品,比去年同期增加百分之十七。同樣在這九個月裡,台灣對中國(含香港)的貿易順差將近460億美元。其他國家望塵莫及。

所以我們看得出來,儘管本地有些憂慮,台灣仍然是世界經濟的要角。

美台經濟關係重要

美國在這當中的地位如何?美台經濟關係強健而且穩定成長。各位都知道,美國是台灣第三大貿易夥伴,台灣是美國第八大貿易夥伴。我們預計今年雙邊貿易可達600億美元。

台灣是我們第六大農產品市場,以台灣人口相對不多,這是很突出的紀錄。除加拿大以外,台灣消費者平均每人進口的美國農產品高出所有其他國家。這顯示台灣消費者要求的品質,美國生產者可以供應。

美國在台灣的直接投資超過130億美元,透過股票市場的證券投資更大。

建立雙邊經濟關係

這些數字代表美國與台灣的真正經濟夥伴關係。我向各位保證,美國在台協會正努力盡量善用我們強勁關係所帶來的機會。我們相信有促成雙邊經濟關係大幅進展的絕佳機會。

首先我要指出,過去數月內我們已有過的高層級訪問。五月美國副貿易代表巴提亞率領大規模代表團訪問台灣。他的訪問重新啟動了貿易投資架構協定(TIFA)談判。我們美國在台協會對TIFA談判十分振奮,因為這已成為一個積極持續的進程,使我們能夠在各種貿易議題上有所進展。

在這個架構下,我們剛剛接待了美國農業部次長查爾斯.藍柏特博士。他來台是與農委會合作,聯合成立正式的美台農業諮詢委員會。也許這只是走出一步,但是很重要。這是雙方高層官員定期開會,討論關切事宜的論壇。我們已接近達成協議的階段。

隨著我們繼續發展強勁的經濟關係,我們預期會有更多雙邊的高階經濟與商務代表往返於華盛頓和台北間,探討這個重要夥伴關係的機會與挑戰。

順帶一提,牛肉就是一個議題。我們高興見到台灣再次進口美國牛肉。台灣遵循嚴格的流程,檢討了進口牛肉的議題。台灣遵照世界貿易組織(WTO)為牛肉貿易訂立的國際標準,依賴可靠的科學數據為基礎,率先重新對美國牛肉開放了市場。日本和南韓最近也跟進。

這個決定有利於為美國及外國消費者,生產全球最高品質牛肉的美國農民。美國民眾最為重視食品必須符合嚴格的衛生、安全和品質標準,他們今年將食用1280萬公噸的牛肉。

台灣消費者也懂得美國牛肉的美味和品質。今年台灣購買美國牛肉已經創下紀錄,前九個月達16,300公噸。台灣消費者有多麼喜好美國牛肉,凡是週末到過好事多,想要接近肉類櫃台的人,都看得出這一點。要擠到美國肋排前面並不容易,如果有免費試吃,更是大排長龍。

下面我要特別提出目前在TIFA架構下,我們正與台灣努力的幾個領域,也可以說是怎麼在照顧花園。這包括改進智慧財產權保護、公平藥品定價、以及達成政府採購、稅務和投資的正式協定。

智慧財產權

更好的智慧財產權保護,對美國與台灣的科學家、著作人、電腦程式設計師、與電影及音樂創作者來說,都非常重要。對於正在發展知識經濟的台灣更具有根本上的重要性。任何地方想要吸引更多研發、建立生技產業、探索奈米科技新世界、以及維持在電子業的地位,都需要強而有力的智慧財產權制度。這是美國與台灣已建立積極對話的一個關鍵領域。

舉例來說,本月初有20多位台灣政府機關的官員,透過視訊會議,與華盛頓的美國官員進行討論,檢視了智慧財產權在台灣的情形。台灣智慧財產局非常成功的領導台灣方面參與此次對話。由於對話範圍擴大,我們也有機會與法務部、執法單位、及教育部並肩合作。

這次對話的結果令人印象深刻。

現在台灣有智慧財產權專屬警力,查緝與逮捕的案例不斷成長。他們正將愈來愈多的資源用於對抗網路犯罪。

網際網路剽竊是世界各地都越來越關注的領域。台灣的立法院正在採取行動。我們很高興看到,立法院正在審議兩個有利於防治網路剽竊的法律草案。其中之一將改進點對點(P2P)資料分享的管理。如果各位不知道P2P表示什麼,問問你的孩子就知道了。另一項立法將協助網路服務供應商,防止線上侵權行為。

立法院也正在審議,設置專門的智慧財產法院的法案。這項立法是司法院辛勤草擬法案的成果。我們相信這個法案雖非完美,因為智慧財產法院的審理範圍有限,不含一審的刑事案件,但這是邁向正確方向的一步。我們鼓勵立法院擴大這個法院的範圍。另一種作法是增加資源與訓練,以便讓各級法院的法官與檢察官,有充分的準備來處理智財權案件。

即使台灣在智慧財產權上有顯著的進步,我們相信仍有更多有待努力之處。 我剛剛提及的立法工作就很重要。我們也鼓勵教育部能在校園裡、和約莫有兩百萬使用者的台灣校園網路(TANet)上,更積極地保護智慧財產權。我們期待與教育部在這個議題上合作。

我們也很擔心偽造的藥品,這不僅欺騙美國的公司,也對台灣人民造成實際的風險。

藥品

還有涉及藥品的其他議題。今年夏天與秋天,美國在台協會與國民健康保險局,就藥品定價進行了很有成果的對話。我今天不想細談技術方面的問題,但是如果你坐在美國商會的藥商會員附近,我相信對方一定願意深入討論這個話題。

我們相信健保局所採行的藥品定價與給付制度仍有缺陷。這個制度限制病人與醫生的選擇。對尖端新藥的給付太少,對學名藥卻給付太多。不過我們與健保局在這個議題上仍有不錯的進展,也替美國開發新藥的藥廠爭取到公平的發言機會。美國與台灣均同意設立工作小組,處理拖累這個制度的比較大的問題。我認為這將是個難題,但其進展對雙方都很重要。

出口管制

另一個極為重要的貿易和安全議題是出口管制。我們與台灣一直密切合作,管制可能用於發展大規模殺傷力武器及其運送系統的商品和技術。我們感謝台灣回應聯合國最近的決議,已採取限制與北韓貿易、旅遊及金融交易等措施,以及最近其他加強出口管制制度的措施。我們需要繼續共同努力,進一步加強台灣的出口管制制度。

我也要謝謝美國商會會長姜森,上週派出兩位他公司的高階主管,陪同一個美國跨部會代表團,到台南科學園區,對園區內的公司及主管演講出口管制的最佳作法。這是一個很好的例子,說明了美國在台協會與美國商會如何齊心協力,促進台灣建立「一流」的策略性貿易管制制度,這有益於區域穩定,並顯示台灣是國際社會負責任的一份子。我想今天在場所有的人都同意,這對生意也很有幫助。

邁向簽署協定

我也要提一下兩個正在談判的重要協定,及另一個可能即將展開談判的協定。這三個協定都將為台灣及美國帶來顯著的利益。我相信這三個協定在未來幾個月內均可能達成。

第一個是世貿組織政府採購協定。台灣已實際準備好有一段時間,要加入世貿組織政府採購協定。美國一直強力支持台灣加入這項協定。

政府採購協定能使美國公司投標台灣的政府招標案、以及台灣公司出售產品與服務給美國政府更加容易。我們在達成這類協定的作法上保持彈性,也相信台灣的夥伴會展現相似的彈性。

第二是雙邊投資協定。美國已提供台灣一個協定範本的草稿。台灣同意盡快展開相關討論。這類協定可保證美國投資者在台灣享有國民待遇。

最後,美國在台協會渴望開啟雙邊稅務協定的談判。美國企業多年來一直有意於達成稅務協定。稅務協定對美國公司在台灣的營運及台灣公司在美國的投資都是有利的。

我們和華盛頓的機構正密切合作,持續推動這個協定,希望在不久的將來看到進展。

我們在雙邊經濟關係的其他領域上也正在努力,並得到美國商會及其個別會員的支持。

例如在電信與傳播方面,我們鼓勵台灣繼續將國家通訊傳播委員會,發展成獨立的世界級監理機關,這有益於像台灣這樣的現代經濟體。我們正在鼓勵衛生署,開啟與脊骨神經理療師的有意義對話,以利這些美國訓練出的專家,其中有不少是美國公民,能在此地執業。

那自由貿易協定呢?

有一個美國在台協會經常被問到的問題,我知道各位也常被問到,就是台灣有強烈的興趣,想與美國談判自由貿易協定(FTA)。首先容我先說明,對於派駐當地的當局,真心想要開放雙邊的貿易,在這種地方服務實在不可多得。美國當然希望跟所有貿易夥伴的貿易都更開放。

正如美國副貿易代表巴提亞五月訪台時表明的,現在與台灣談判FTA有若干障礙。有些正透過TIFA程序加以解決。台灣取得美國企業的聲援也對推動FTA非常重要。可是如同我們向台灣對等當局表示過,美國政府的「快速」貿易推廣授權(TPA)明年6月30日就要屆滿。我最近在華盛頓述職,根據美國貿易代表蘇珊.史瓦布談到美國貿易代表署對雙邊FTA的計劃,我認為希望現在可以展開新一輪的FTA談判,並在貿易推廣授權截止前完成最後協定,向美國國會提出,那是不合理的期待。我們貿易代表署的同仁,處理已經開始的FTA談判及其他國際貿易談判,行程排得極滿,沒有多餘的資源在此刻開始新一系列的談判。

我了解貿易代表署打算要求展延貿易推廣授權,但最近的期中選舉會如何影響國會對FTA的看法,現在還言之過早。雖然FTA在這次選舉中不是主要議題,但合理的推測是,國會在做決定前會仔細考量任何有關FTA的提議。已經有些新的領導人在說,除非增加環保和勞工權益的條款,強化其內容,否則國會不會再通過快速授權。而在我們還來不及注意時,美國就會開始總統大選的競選活動了。

還有一點關於FTA的事,我知道台灣已經接觸你們當中的許多人,尋求美國企業對FTA的支持。我覺得台灣直接把其主張向各位提出,是有用的作法。可是請讓這種對話有意義。請台灣當局清楚說明,FTA對你們的公司有什麼好處。並請他們提供比一般說明更進一步的解釋。貴公司會增加什麼直接具體的利益?這是形成美國企業界未來支持任何FTA的關鍵。

透過APEC尋求自由貿易

談一談我們透過參與亞太經合會(APEC)與WTO,擴大自由貿易的努力,也很有用。我要強調,在上週末的APEC會議上,領袖們發表共同聲明,支持恢復杜哈發展議程。杜哈回合談判成功對美國和台灣均有重要的利益。美國也鼓勵APEC朝向建立亞太自由貿易區努力。當然我們會支持台灣以APEC會員經濟體的身份,加入這類安排。我們繼續鼓勵台灣積極參與APEC及WTO,以在這些重要的貿易計劃上獲得成功。

更多與大陸的聯繫

最後要談的是,我們鼓勵台灣在另一個領域採取步驟,這關係到美國與台灣公司的直接利益。 我們鼓勵台灣與中國談判,盡快開放三通,尤其是飛機直航。要知道,與美國簽訂FTA是無法取代更密切的兩岸關係的利益。但是假設國會延長快速授權,更密切的兩岸關係有可能改善未來達成FTA的氣氛。

我們像美國商會的各位一樣,鼓勵台灣移除貿易與人員往返海峽兩岸的多餘障礙。我們知道這是個敏感的議題,但台灣若要維持在全球供應鏈的重要地位,就需要與大陸直航。

對於想把在中國生產的產品或零組件進口到台灣,卻面臨障礙的美國廠商來說,這也很重要。此外,公司想要派遣中國員工到台灣受訓或開會,也太過困難。

台灣已看到是市場力量,而非政府法令,控制著資金的流動。台灣在中國龐大的投資,很清楚的顯示出這一點。不過台灣在其他地方的重大投資亦復如此。台灣已是越南最大的外資來源,也正持續擴大在東南亞、印度、和其他地方的投資。讓市場決定資金的流向對台灣最有利。

只要台灣保持自我防禦的能力,就不必害怕與這個龐大並快速成長的鄰居,關係變得更密切,最近我曾經對這個主題做過較詳盡的評論。

台灣愈慢開放三通,則自外於區域整合趨勢的風險就愈大。三通直航可使台灣更具競爭力,並成為更好的投資與經商地點。

結論

做為結語我要說,即使面對中國經濟的戲劇性崛起,台灣對美國來說還是極端重要的。我們的夥伴關係既長且深。除了我先前提及的經濟統計數據,一個測量雙邊關係深度的最好事證,就是目前有將近29,000位台灣學生在美國留學。在所有國家中排名第六。台灣留學生大多在讀研究所。他們屬於台灣最優秀與最聰明的人才,我們很驕傲能吸引他們待在美國幾年。

美台經濟利益在許多領域有交集,這一點是愈來愈清楚。雙方在加強智慧財產權保護上都會獲益。台灣健保體系的改革,不僅使創新藥品的公司獲益(其中有許多是美國公司),也使台灣的病患受惠,並刺激台灣致力於建立生技產業。對牛肉等美國產品及脊骨神經理療師等服務,更加開放台灣的市場,將帶給台灣消費者更多選擇。更開放的電信與傳播業規定,將為台灣消費者帶來更多的競爭、更便宜的價格、以及同樣的更多選擇。政府採購、稅務與投資等協定,也會為台灣與美國的企業、納稅人與消費者帶來明確的利益。

雖然有很多事尚待完成,但在同心協力下我們可以獲得豐碩成果。稍加一點推力,我們可以在明年左右完成。美國承諾在這所有的領域做出進展。猶如美國商會,我們期待結果,台灣亦然。

有時台灣悲觀的意見會表示,擔憂台灣的經濟可能被目前東亞的趨勢邊緣化。我們甚至聽到,如果不與美國簽訂FTA,勢必會有這種後果。我要強調FTA雖然尚無定論,不過我不認同這種憂慮。這是因為我的國家會繼續發揮創意,與台灣的夥伴合作,保證他們可以持續對亞太及全球的趨勢做出貢獻,我們全體均已從這些趨勢獲益很多。我們的作法包括務必使台灣可以在各種貿易組織如APEC及WTO發聲。有鑑於此,我個人願意向各位保證,美國會繼續努力,確保台灣繼續成為繁榮、充滿活力的美國夥伴。

因此,基於對我們共同的未來之路,會為美國與台灣提供極佳的機會,滿懷樂觀與認知,我期望美國商會明年有非常好的一年,美台關係上也是非常好的一年。

就像我今天所說的,我們的庫房裡有很多工具。當我們繼續合作,照顧這個雙邊關係的肥沃、多產的花園時,且把這些工具帶在身邊方便取用。

謝謝各位。


Transcript of Q & A with AmCham Members

QUESTION:  (Alice Kao, Vice President, ETTV) I'm from the Eastern Broadcasting Company.   My question probably has no relation with your topic today.

MODERATOR:  In that case. Don't ask it. Next question.  [laughter]

QUESTION:  Okay. The former AIT Chairman, Ms. Therese Shaheen, is in town with her husband on a private trip, and she had openly supported the besieged President Chen Shui-bian for his coming judicial investigation, and I am sure that she will convey the same question to President Chen herself. Because as a private citizen she is going to see former President Lee Teng-hui as well as see our current President Chen Shui-bian. I wonder, with Shaheen's unofficial capacity and her staunch support of President Chen Shui-bian, would that to some degree coincide with AIT's private position too?

DIRECTOR:  AIT doesn't have a private position. AIT's position is that of the U.S. Government.  And I made it fairly clear at my press conference a couple of weeks ago.  The United States supports its interests in Taiwan, and we also have a great respect for the Taiwan democratic process. I actually think that, as I suggested in my speech, these events have a very real possibility of strengthening of the rule of law in Taiwan, and that's a good thing. Don?

QUESTION:  Don Shapiro from AmCham's TOPICS Magazine, and my question relates directly to your remarks.  (Laughter.)  If the U.S. and Taiwan are able to conclude bilateral agreements along the lines of what you spoke [about], what would be the potential impact on a future FTA?  Would that be a hindrance in any way, or would that make it easier to move on to an FTA?

DIRECTOR:  Entirely the latter. I think as I've tried to describe today, the things that we're working on the TIFA framework are all very concrete steps to improve bilateral trade and investment. As both Deputy U.S. Trade representative Bhatia and I have said in recent months, clearing out some of these kinds of challenges that the bilateral relationship faces could create a better framework or better climate for looking at an FTA if, in fact, fast track authority and other factors fall into place in the coming months.  But nothing that we're doing now is designed to make it harder in the future to get an FTA. Frankly, I think it all stuff that is very much in both sides' interests. I think the Taiwan side agrees as well.  We've got a very good set of partners in various ministries on these issues. I very much appreciate the support of AmCham to what we're doing and, obviously, the feedback that we regularly get from you, because the overlap between your interest and ours is almost complete on this sort of issue.  

MODERATOR:  One of the areas that you mentioned in your speech that probably has not received much visibility is the potential tax agreement. It's been on and off the record (sic) for about a decade, but what do you think from your perspective that American companies here should do to vis-?vis their home offices, for example, to maybe push this along further?     

DIRECTOR: Well, my understanding is that we need to get a little more enthusiasm on the Taiwan side, so you can obviously be talking to your colleagues here, but we're ready to engage with them when they are, and we frankly think it will be beneficial to all the Taiwan businesses working in the U.S. as well as here. So for more details, you might want to see Dan Moore my ECON chief.

QUESTION: Maurice MarWood, Capital Equipment. It seems to me that the initiative to sell Taiwan more military hardware flies directly in the face of other initiatives to build stronger friendly relationships with the Mainland. How do you reconcile those two initiatives?

DIRECTOR: Thank you for the question. Actually, I find it very easy to reconcile them. Taiwan's ability to negotiate from a position of self-confidence and goodwill with the PRC -- I think it's directly related to its sense that it can take any deal it likes and reject any deal it doesn't like. An ability to defend itself against any threat or attack gives Taiwan that self-confidence. So I think, and many people in this island agree with me, that a capable and adequate self-defense gives Taiwan the ability to explore more ideas with China in a mutually conducive atmosphere.

QUESTION: William Vocke, National Chengchi University. Your comments about the Three Links make eminent sense economically. Would you care to comment about the political dimensions of the Three Links?

DIRECTOR: Well, I think that almost every the issue in Taiwan now has political context to it, as we've seen. But, frankly, with a million Taiwan businessmen living and working in China and four million traveling there each year, this seems like something that --  if we're talking about direct flights -- that is overdue. I think that there is a misperception that nothing is happening, because people obviously would like to see everything resolved right away. But the fact of the matter is, and I give credit to the government and its supporters, gradual steps to ease the restrictions are taking place. We've gone from charter flights just on the New Year holiday to now plans for charter flights four times a year. We've seen the first cargo flight of its kind go in the last few months, and we hope to see more of those. And we also have seen plans to expand tourism by PRC citizens to Taiwan, which I think is good, both for its economic impact on Taiwan, but also for the breaking down of barriers. As more and more citizens from the PRC come and see all the wonderful things that the people of Taiwan have accomplished here, some of the misperceptions about this place might be broken down. So I think that there are things going on. I do think that politics has gotten in the way of some steps. By the way, though I would like to note that there are increasing indications that a more liberalized regime toward the size of microchip manufacturing [investment] in the PRC might be in the offing. And so, quietly, things are happening, and it seems to me that the debate or the discussion about what, if any, limits there should be is actually healthy.

QUESTION: Paul Cassingham, Senior Counsel, Yangming Partners. One of the arguments that Taiwan put forward for an FTA that you mentioned is that, if Taiwan has an FTA with the United States, it will be easier for Taiwan perhaps to negotiate FTAs with other jurisdictions in the region. And we've heard this argument presented as something of a political argument. My question is, is there an economic dimension to that we ought to be focusing on, that is, is there something in it for US business for a Taiwan FTA with the US to then lead to other Taiwan FTAs around the region? Our companies have operations around the region as well, and maybe we're missing an angle on this question.

DIRECTOR: Well, you know I'm not really sure, Paul, if there's a direct connection between the possibility of an FTA between Taiwan and the US and the willingness of others to explore that. And I think that the key point that we've always tried to focus on has been the economic benefit. We don't want to negotiate an FTA for some rather simplistic political purposes. Taiwan has to present an argument based primarily on economic ties, and I think that, should an FTA be negotiated with the United States, and I think that I've caveated that there are a number of challenges that we face, at this time, with going forward on that, it may serve as a template for some other countries. Certainly, I think, one reflection of the great interest in Taiwan is the dozens of very major representative offices in Taiwan. I know that my Canadian colleague is here today and that there are just dozens of the most important countries in the world who are very significantly advancing their trade and investment interests through their presence on the island and who are boasting rapidly growing two-way trade and other contacts. So people like that will always watch the lay of the land.  But you know, as I discussed in my remarks, the Hanoi summit really tried to turn the spotlight on in different issue, and that is this long-discussed idea of trying to get the Doha Round completed, and if that were to succeed, I think that that would be a great example of where all of the members of WTO -- I think there are over a 130 of them by now and the newest one is Vietnam, which just concluded its package in the last week -- can equally benefit in a liberalized trade regime which can particularly address some nettlesome agricultural barriers that a number of countries, including my own, have kept up. So, there are a lot of dynamics going on here and there is also a discussion of an APEC trade-related agreement at the Hanoi summit. I think all of these things are aimed at the same basic goal, and that is to make trade barriers come down everywhere and give people like yourselves a level and a fair playing field on which to do your business, whether you're in Taiwan or Thailand or Tunisia. 

MODERATOR:  We've got time for one long question and a short answer, or a short question and a long answer. 

QUESTION:   Eric Siddons from Yangming Partners.  I am wondering what the U.S. official position is on the discussions that have occurred between the Kuomintang, or the KMT, and the current Chinese leadership on the mainland?

DIRECTOR:   Well, in short, the United States has no problem with dialogue like that, and in fact we encourage it.  But the point we underscore again and again is that the PRC should also talk to the democratically elected leadership of Taiwan.  That has unfortunately not been something they have seen fit to do thus far.  I think, actually, going back to the earlier question, that the inability to have that kind of contact between the two sides of the Strait has been an impediment to advancing cross-Strait relations in general and direct links in particular.  That's a short one.  You can ask one more.

MODERATOR:  Okay. One more question.

QUESTION:  [Raymond Wu, Amulaire Thermal Technology] Trying to be quick. My question has nothing to do with President Chen.  I just want to echo the importance of the IP.  As you know, I'm on behalf of the Amulaire Thermal Technology, the IP is certainly important and is the only way for U.S. companies to sustain the business.  However, I'd like to highlight the transient aspect and complexity aspect of the IP issue.  Technically --

DIRECTOR:  Intellectual property, guys.  For those of us who are not IP gurus.

QUESTION:  Taiwan to operators to a large extent pay the royalty in the industry -- in the pre-recorded industry.  And because on the other side of the Strait, the operators don't pay for it, therefore, there is a big push for the operator here to move to mainland China to prevent the payment of royalties.  And that presents quite a complexity of the state of the IP.  The State Department should look at it.  Thank you.

DIRECTOR:  There wasn't a question there, was there?  But if you are saying that we'd like to see China respect intellectual rights more, you are absolutely correct.  And I guess I'd like to underscore that when I was here eight years ago as deputy director, the IPR issues that we faced with Taiwan were extraordinarily more complex than they are now. So, this is an area where we've really seen a lot of progress.  I won't say it's all solved all the way.  Pharmaceutical copyright infringements is one case I discussed.  But really Taiwan has been taking a very serious and responsible international approach to IPR protection. I think it shows in the way Taiwan's industries have advanced, and we've got to work together with places like the PRC which have not got there yet. I know that Secretary Paulson is going in a couple of weeks to the PRC to continue high-level economic talks, and I'm sure IPR will be one of the things on his agenda.

(END)

處長演講與致詞