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支持奴隸制度的群眾散發這類傳單來阻擋反奴隸制度者會議的進行：1837年
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約翰‧布朗 (John Brown) 佔據哈普斯渡口
1859年10月16日
約翰‧布朗的襲擊或許是引爆內戰的導火線。他在服刑之前所說的一段話也被眾人所永遠銘記在心：
「現在，如果犧牲我的生命，是代表公義已經走向終點，那麼就把我的血與我孩子們的血，還有蓄奴州里那些被殘酷、惡劣，與不公平對待的百萬人的血都混合在一起吧—那麼，就開始吧。」
John Brown's raid was perhaps the final spark that ignited the Civil War. Certainly the words he spoke at his death would be remembered:
"Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life, for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and MINGLE MY BLOOD FURTHER WITH THE BLOOD OF MY CHILDREN, and with the blood of millions in this Slave country, whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments -- I say LET IT BE DONE."
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