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Explore the States 新墨西哥
 
Photo of man sitting behind three carved figures
藝術家大衛(David Nabor Lucero)坐在由他親手雕刻及上色的聖人娃娃後方,1998年聖大非的西班牙市集


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西班牙市集
地方性遺產

您聽過聖人娃娃(bulto)嗎?照片中的藝術家與他的聖人娃娃一起入鏡,聖人娃娃就是塗有明亮色彩的聖人雕像或其他宗教人物的雕像。這位藝術家叫做聖人製作家(ultossantero),他只是新墨西哥 州聖大非的西班牙市集內,諸多藝術家中的一位。

1926年時,西班牙移民藝術協會 (Spanish Colonial Arts Society) 開始為西班牙藝術家舉辦西班牙市集,他們可在這個市集內展示及販賣他們的傳統手工物品。協會舉辦這個市集的目的是為了保存及慶祝新墨西哥州的西班牙文化。

西班牙市集裡的藝術家會利用各式各樣不同的材料來製作成品。有些人會利用織布機編織布料或在鍚上敲出自己的設計。其他人則會自製陶器或利用骨頭雕刻物品。照片內與聖人娃娃一起入鏡的藝術家,當地人稱之為聖人製作家(santeros),過去數百年來,他們已經雕刻過無數的聖人娃娃,也為無數聖人娃娃上過色。現在的他們仍然利用生長在新墨西哥境內的樹木來進行人物雕刻,如:楊木、楊木根、山楊及松樹。首先,聖人製作家使用小刀來雕刻聖人娃娃,然後再用石膏粉 (漿糊的一種) 將它覆蓋起來以備著色用。聖人製作家仍然使用自製顏料上色,如:木炭是製作黑色顏料的材料。待聖人製作家完成上色步驟後,他會塗上亮光漆來保護聖人娃娃。


Have you ever heard of bultos? The artist in this photograph poses with his bultos, -- brightly colored sculptures of saints or other religious figures. This artist is called an ultossantero (saint-maker) and is one of many at the Spanish Market in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

In 1926, the Spanish Colonial Arts Society started the Spanish Market for Hispanic artists to show and sell their traditional handmade objects. The Society began the Market to preserve and celebrate the Hispanic culture of New Mexico.

The artists of the Spanish Market work with many different kinds of materials. Some weave cloth on looms or punch designs into tin. Others make their own pottery or carve objects out of bone. The artist in this photograph poses with his bultos, which are brightly colored sculptures of saints or other religious figures. Local artists, called santeros (saint-makers), have carved and painted bultos for the past few hundred years. Today, they still carve the figures from the wood of trees that grow in New Mexico: cottonwood, cottonwood roots, aspen and pine. A santero carves a bulto with a knife and then covers it with gesso, a kind of paste, to prepare it for painting. Santeros still use paints from homemade pigments. For example, charcoal is used to make black paint. After a santero has finished painting, he applies a varnish to protect the bulto.

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