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Photo of two girls, one with her hair standing on end
兩個因館內實驗而興奮不己的女孩 自由女神科技展覽中心(Liberty Science Center)的露宿活動200025

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自由女神科技展覽中心的露宿活動
地方性遺產

為什麼這個女孩的頭髮都豎立起來了?因為靜電的緣故。

世上萬物都是由數百萬個稱做原子的微小粒子所組成,原子內為質子及電子,其分為正負兩種電極;當您摩擦正負電極,有些負電或電子會自其中一個物體的表面移到另一物體的表面,而失去電子的物體則帶有正電,另一個取得電子的物體則帶有負電;彼此(正電及負電)互相吸引就會導致物體相吸,這就是所謂的靜電。

擁有同一電極的物體會彼此相斥,當照片中的女孩觸摸靜電球時,靜電球內的靜電會傳至她的全身及所有的髮絲內,因為每一絲頭髮內都擁有相同的電極,所以造成它們彼此相斥,因而豎立在頭皮上(這項實驗可於博物館的安全環境內進行,請 於其他場所試驗)。

像這樣的實驗極適於在博物館內進行,照片中的女孩正在參觀新澤西州內的自由女神科技展覽中心;科技展覽中心每年都會舉辦好幾次的露宿活動,成群的孩子能夠盡情的使用館內的科技展覽品,午夜後則睡在博物館內。


Why is this girl's hair standing on end? It is this way because of static electricity.

Everything is made up of millions of tiny particles, called atoms. Inside atoms are protons and electrons, which have positive and negative electric charges. When you rub two things together, some of the negative charges, or electrons, move from one surface to the other. The object that loses electrons becomes positively charged, and the one that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. Opposites (positive and negative) attract, so the objects pull together. This is static electricity.

Objects with the same charge push away from each other. When the girl in the photo touches the ball with static electricity inside it, it sends a static charge through her body and into each strand of hair. Because each strand has the same charge, the strands push away from each other, so her hair stands up. (This experiment was done in the safety of a museum; it is not something to try anyplace else.)

Experiments like these are best attempted in a museum. The girls in the photograph are visiting the Liberty Science Center in New Jersey. Several times a year, the center holds a "Camp-In," where groups of kids have fun with the science exhibits until late at night, and then they sleep over in the museum.

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