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1713年,於樸次茅斯市(Portsmouth)簽立的印地安條約中的最後一頁,上面還有一些象形文字的署名
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樸次茅斯市(Portsmouth)的和平條約
新罕布夏樸次茅斯市市內曾簽署過兩份和平條約,一份是簽於美國脫離英國獨立前,一份則是近乎200年後才簽訂的。您知道這些條約嗎?
1702年至1713年的安妮皇后一役(Queen
Anne's War)中,大不列顛及法國曾在西印度群島(West
Indies)及卡羅萊納及新英格蘭的邊界上交戰。戰爭結束時,支持法國的美國原住民向英國投降。而1713年7月13日時,印地安部落的代表、麻州海灣(Massachusetts
Bay)的代表及新罕布夏州的代表於樸次茅斯市聚首並簽訂條約,條約內容為印地安人同意不再與英軍作戰。這個條約即為有趣,因為印地安部落的代表以三種語言署名:法文、英文及他們本身的語言,即像形文字或稱圖畫標誌。
幾乎200年後的1905年,羅斯福總統(President
Theodore Roosevelt)在樸次茅斯市舉行了一場和平會談,旨在終結日俄戰爭。結果,日本及蘇俄都簽下了樸次茅斯和約(Treaty
of Portsmouth),而羅斯福總統也因其努力而獲頒諾貝爾和平獎。
Two peace treaties have been signed in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. One was signed before America gained its independence from the British and the other was signed almost 200 years later. Do you know the treaties?
From 1702 to 1713, Great Britain and France fought in the West Indies and in the Carolina and New England frontiers in Queen Anne's War. At the end of the war, the American Indians who had sided with the French surrendered to the British. On July 13, 1713, representatives from the Indian tribes, Massachusetts Bay, and New Hampshire met in Portsmouth to sign a treaty. The Indians agreed not to fight the British anymore. This treaty is interesting in part because the Indian representatives signed their names in three languages: French, English, and their own, which is in pictograph, or drawn symbols.
Almost 200 years later, in 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt held a peace conference in Portsmouth to help end the Russo-Japanese War. As a result, Japan and Russia signed the Treaty of Portsmouth. President Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.
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