亞伯拉罕‧林肯
(ABRAHAM LINCOLN)

葛底斯堡演說
The Gettysburg Address

Second Draft of the Gettysburg Address

(American Memory Collection, Library of Congress)

 

八十七年以前,我們的祖先在這塊大陸上創立了一個孕育於自由的新國家。他們主張人人生而平等,並為此而獻身。


1863年7月3日。聯邦軍在賓夕法尼亞州葛底斯堡的勝利標誌著美國內戰的關鍵轉捩點。 羅伯特.更‧李將軍侵佔賓夕法尼亞,曾希望以此來分割北方並打擊北方的士氣,以便迅速結束這場戰爭。葛底斯堡戰役是一場流血最多的戰爭。聯邦軍損失二萬三千人,而南方邦聯傷亡失蹤的士兵達二萬八千人。北方對葛底斯堡的勝利歡欣鼓舞。四個月後林肯總統到葛底斯堡戰場訪問,為這場偉大戰役的陣亡將士墓舉行落成儀式。這篇演說是在1863年11月19日發表的。

林肯的葛底斯堡演說是美國文學中最漂亮、最富有詩意的文章之一。雖然這是一篇慶祝軍事勝利的演說,但它沒有好戰之氣;相反地,這是一篇感人肺腑的頌辭,讚美那些作出最後犧牲的人,以及他們為之獻身的那些理想。


八十七年以前,我們的祖先在這塊大陸上創立了一個孕育於自由的新國家。他們主張人人生而平等,並為此而獻身。現在我們正進行一場偉大的內戰,這是一場檢驗這一國家或者任何一個像我們這樣孕育 於自由並信守其主張的國家是否能長久存在的戰爭。我們聚集在這場戰爭中的一個偉大戰場上,將這個戰場上的一塊土地奉獻給那些在此地為了這個國家的生存而犧牲了自己生命的人,作為他們的最終安息之所。我們這樣做是完全適當和正確的。

可是,從更廣的意義上說,我們並不能奉獻這塊土地──我們不能使之神聖──我們也不能使之光榮。因為那些在此地奮戰過的勇士們,不論是還活著的或是已死去的,已經使這塊土地神聖了,遠非我們微薄的力量所能予以增減的。世人將不大會注意,更不會長久記住我們在這裏所說的話,然而,他們將永遠不會忘記這些勇士們在這裏所做的事。相反地,我們活著的人,應該獻身 於勇士們未竟的工作,那些曾在此地戰鬥過的人們已經把這項工作英勇地向前推進了。我們應該獻身於留在我們面前的偉大任務──由於他們的光榮犧牲,我們會更加獻身於他們為之奉獻了最後一切的事業──我們要下定決心使那些死去的人不致白白犧牲──我們要使這個國家在上帝的庇佑下,獲得自由的新生──我們要使這個民有、民治、民享的政府不致從地球上消失。


Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

    Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

    But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicatewe can not consecratewe can not hallowthis ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before usthat from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotionthat we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vainthat this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedomand that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.