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The U.S. Supreme Court: Equal Justice Under Law

2009.10.15

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The Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court

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­º®u¤jªk©x¬ù¿«?ù§B¯ý¡]John G. Roberts Jr.¡^1955¦~1¤ë27¤é¥Í©ó¯Ã¬ù¦{¥¬ªkù¥«¡]Buffalo¡^¡A1996¦~»Pº¿ÄR?¨F§Q¤å¡]Marie Sullivan¡^µ²±B¡A¥L­Ì¦³¨â­Ó«Ä¤l¡X¡X¬ù·æªâ¡]Josephine¡^©M¬ù¿«¡]John¡^¡C¥L©ó1976¦~¦b«¢¦ò¾Ç°|¡]Harvard College¡^Àò±o¤å¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A1979¦~¦b«¢¦òªk¾Ç°|Àò±oªk¾Ç³Õ¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C¦Û1979¦~¦Ü1980¦~¥ôÁp¨¹²Ä¤G°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¦ë§Q?¥±Äõ¼w§Q¡]Henry J. Friendly¡^ªºªk«ß®Ñ°O©x¡]law clerk¡^¡A¨Ã¾á¥ô®É¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©xªº«Â·G?­Û«¶´µ¯S¡]William H. Rehnquist¡^1980¦~¥ô´Áªº®Ñ°O©x¡F1981¦Ü1982¦~¾á¥ô¬ü°ê¥qªk³¡ªø¯S§O§U²z¡F1982¦Ü1986¦~¦b¥Õ®cªk«ßÅU°Ý¿ì¤½«Ç¡]White House Counsel¡¦s Office¡^¾á¥ôù©`º¸±o?¹p®Ú¡]Ronald Reagan¡^Á`²Îªº°Æªk«ßÅU°Ý¡]Associate Counsel¡^¡F1989¦Ü1993¦~¥ô¬ü°ê¥qªk³¡­º®u°ÆÀ˹îªø¡]principal deputy solicitor general¡^¡F¦Û1986¦Ü1989¦~¥H¤Î¦Û1993¦Ü2003¦~¡A¦bµØ²±¹y¯S°Ï°µ°õ·~«ß®v¡F©ó2003¦~³Q¥ô©R¬°¬ü°êÁp¨¹µØ²±¹y¯S°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|¡]the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit¡^ªk©x¡F¥Ñ³ìªv?W?¥¬§Æ¡]George W. Bush¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|­º®u¤jªk©x¡A¤_2005¦~9¤ë29¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C

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¤jªk©x¬ù¿«?«Oº¸?¥v¸¦¤å´µ¡]John Paul Stevens¡^1920¦~4¤ë20¤é¥Í©ó¥ì§Q¿Õ¦{ªÛ¥[­ô¥«¡A©d¤l¬Oº¿ÄR¦w?°¨º¸ÀNÄõ¡]Maryan Mulholland¡^¡A¥L­Ì¦³¥|­Ó«Ä¤l¡X¡X¬ù¿«?¬ù·æ¤Ò¡]John Joseph¡^¡]¤w¥h¥@¡^¡B³ÍÂĵY¡]Kathryn¡^¡B¥ì²ú²ï¥Õ?²¡]Elizabeth Jane¡^©MĬ¬À?ÅÚ«k¶ð¡]Susan Roberta¡^¡C¥L¾Ö¦³ªÛ¥[­ô¤j¾Ç¤å¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì©M¦è¥_¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|ªk¾Ç³Õ¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C1942¦Ü1945¦~¦b®ü­xªA§Ð¡F«á©óÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x«Â§Q?©Ô¯S§Q©_¡]Wiley Rutledge¡^1947¦~¥ô´Á¤º¥ô¨ä®Ñ°O©x¡F1949¦~¦¨¬°¥ì§Q¿Õ¦{ªº°õ·~«ß®v¡F1951¦Ü1952¦~¶¡¥ô¬ü°ê²³Ä³°|¥qªk©e­û·|¡]Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives¡^ÃbÂ_Åv¤O¬ã¨s¤p²Õ©e­û·|¡]Subcommittee on the Study of Monopoly Power¡^°Æªk«ßÅU°Ý¡F1953¦Ü1955¦~¬°¬ü°ê¥qªk³¡ªø¤UÄݪº¬ã¨s¤Ï¦«©Ô´µªk¥þ°ê©e­û·|¦¨­û¡F1970¦~¥ôªÛ¥[­ô«ß®v¨ó·|²Ä¤G°Æ·|ªø¡F1970¦Ü1975¦~¾á¥ôÁp¨¹²Ä¤C°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡F¥ÑºÖ¯S¡]Ford¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A1975¦~12¤ë19¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C

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¤jªk©x¦wªFÚ¬?´µ¥d§Q¨È¡]Antonin Scalia¡^1936¦~3¤ë11¤é¥Í©ó·s¿A¦è¦{¯S­Û¹y¥«¡]Trenton¡^¡A©d¤l¬O²öµY?³Á¥d¿ü¡]Maureen McCarthy¡^¡A¥L­Ì¦³9­Ó¤l¤k--¦w?ºÖ§Q´µ¯S¡]Ann Forrest¡^¡B¤×ª÷¡]Eugene¡^¡B¬ù¿«?ªkÄõ¦è´µ¡]John Francis¡^¡B³ÍÂĵY?¥ì²ú²ï¥Õ¡]Catherine Elisabeth¡^¡Bº¿ÄR?§J¹pº¸¡]Mary Clare¡^¡B«Oº¸?¤j½Ã¡]Paul David¡^¡B°¨­×¡]Matthew¡^¡B§J¨½´µ¦h¤Ò?¸â©i´µ¡]Christopher James¡^©Mº¿®æÄR¯S?²¡]Margaret Jane¡^¡C¥L¦b³ìªv´°¤j¾Ç©M·ç¤h¥±ùسù¤j¾ÇÀò±o¤å¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A¦b«¢¦ò¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|Àò±oªk¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A¦Û1960¦Ü1961¦~¬°«¢¦ò¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|Áº¸µn¬ã¨s­û¡]Sheldon Fellow¡^¡C1961¦Ü1967¦~¦b«X¥è«X¦{§J§Q¤ÒÄõ¥«°µ°õ·~«ß®v¡F1967¦Ü1971¦~¦b¦ò¦N¥§¨È¤j¾Ç¥ôªk¾Ç±Ð±Â¡F1977¦Ü1982¦~¦bªÛ¥[­ô¤j¾Ç¥ôªk¾Ç±Ð±Â¡F¦b¦¹´Á¶¡ÁÙ¦b³ìªv´°¤j¾Ç©M´µ©ZºÖ¤j¾Ç¥ô«È®yªk¾Ç±Ð±Â¡F1981¦Ü1982¦~¾á¥ô¬ü°ê«ß®v¨ó·|¦æ¬Fªk¤À³¡·|ªø¡]Section of Administrative Law¡^¡F1982¦Ü1983¦~¥ô¸Ó¨ó·|ªº¤À³¡Áp®u·|ij¡]Conference of Section¡^¥D®u¡F´¿¦b¬ü°êÁp¨¹¬F©²¾á¥ô¥H¤U¾°È¡G1971¦Ü1972¦~¡A¹q«H¬Fµ¦¿ì¤½«Ç¡]Office of Telecommunications Policy¡^­º®uªk«ßÅU°Ý¡A1972¦Ü1974¦~¡A¬ü°ê¦æ¬FªkÁp®u·|ij¡]Administrative Conference of the United States¡^¥D®u¡F1974¦Ü1977¦~¡A¥ô¥DºÞªk«ßÅU°Ý¿ì¤½«Ç¡]Office of Legal Counsel¡^ªº§U²z¥qªk³¡ªø¡]Assistant Attorney General¡^¡C1982¦~³Q´£¦W¾á¥ôÁp¨¹­ô­Û¤ñ¨È¯S°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡C¥Ñ¹p®Ú¡]Reagan¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A1986¦~9¤ë26¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C

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¤jªk©x¦wªF¥§?¥Ì°i­}¡]Anthony M. Kennedy¡^1936¦~7¤ë23¤é¥Í©ó¥[§QºÖ¥§¨È¦{ÂħJ©Ôªù¦«¥«¡]Sacramento¡^¡A©d¤l¬Oº¿ÄR?¤j½Ã´µ¡]Mary Davis¡^¡A¥L­Ì¦³¤T­Ó¤l¤k¡C¥L¦b´µ©ZºÖ¤j¾Ç©M­Û´°¸gÀپǰ|Àò±o¤å¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A¦Û«¢¦ò¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|Àò±oªk¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C1961¦Ü1963¦~¥H¤Î1963¦Ü1975¦~¤À§O¦b¥[§QºÖ¥§¨È¦{¤Tÿ¥«¥«©MÂħJ©Ôªù¦«¥«°µ°õ·~«ß®v¡A1965¦Ü1988¦~¦b¤Ó¥­¬v¤j¾Ç³Á³ìªvªk¾Ç°|¥ô¾Ëªk±Ð±Â¡F´¿¾á¥ô¥H¤U¾°È¡G1961¦~¡A¥[§QºÖ¥§¨È¦{°ê¥Áĵ½Ã¶¤¶¤­û¡F1987¦Ü1988¦~¡AÁp¨¹¥qªk¤¤¤ß²z¨Æ·|¦¨­û¡]the board of the Federal Judicial Center¡^¡F¥ý«á¦bÁp¨¹¥qªk¤j·|¡]Judicial Conference of the United States¡^ªº¨â­Ó©e­û·|¥ô¾:¡G1979¦Ü1987¦~¡Aª÷¿Ä¸ê°T©ÜÅS³ø§i©M¥qªk¬¡°Ê¿Ô¸ß¤p²Õ(the Advisory Panel on Financial Disclosure Reports and Judicial Activities)¦¨­û¡A¸Ó¾÷ºc«á¨Ó§ï¦W¬°¦æ¬°³W½dÅU°Ý©e­û·|¡]Advisory Committee on Codes and Conduct¡^¡F1979¦Ü1990¦~¡A¤Ó¥­¬v»â¦a©e­û·|¡]Committee on Pacific Territories¡^¦¨­û¡A¨ä¤¤¦Û1982¦Ü1990¦~¥ô¸Ó©e­û·|¥D®u¡F1975¦~³Q´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹²Ä¤E°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡F¥Ñ¹p®Ú¡]Reagan¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A1988¦~2¤ë18¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C

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¤jªk©x§J©Ô­Û´µ?´öº¿´µ¡]Clarence Thomos¡^1948¦~6¤ë23¤é¥Í©ó³ìªv¨È¦{Âĥ˨º¥«ªþªñªº¡§°w¦yÂí¡¨¡]Pin Point¡^¡A1987¦~»P¥±¦N¥§ÔÕ?Äõ´¶¡]Virginia Lamp¡^µ²±B¡A¦³¤@­Ó»P«e©d©Ò¥Íªº¨à¤l¡X¡X¸ëÁÚ°Ç?ªüµn¡]Jamal Adeen¡^¡C¥L´¿´NŪ©ó¸t­L¯«¾Ç°|¡]Concception Seminary¡^¡A¦b¸t¤Q¦r¾Ç°|¡]Holy Cross College¡^¥HÀuµ¥¦¨ÁZÀò¤å¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A1974¦~Àò­C¾|¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|ªk¾Ç³Õ¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C¦P¦~¦b±KĬ¨½¦{Àò°õ·~¸ê®æ¡F1974¦Ü1977¦~¾á¥ô±KĬ¨½¦{§U²z¥qªk³¡ªø¡F1977¦Ü1979¦~¦b©s¤s³£¤½¥q¡]Monsanto¡^¥ô«ß®v¡F1979¦Ü1981¦~¥ôÁp¨¹°Ñij­û¬ù¿«?¤¦ºÖ«ä¡]John Danforth¡^ªº¥ßªk§U²z¡F1981¦Ü1982¦~¥ô¬ü°ê±Ð¨|³¡­t³d¥ÁÅv¨Æ°Èªº§U²z³¡ªø¡]Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights¡^¡F1982¦Ü1990¦~¾á¥ô¬ü°ê´N·~¾÷·|§¡µ¥©e­û·|¡]U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission¡^¥D®u¡F1990¦~¾á¥ôÁp¨¹­ô­Û¤ñ¨È¯S°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡F¥Ñ¥¬§ÆÁ`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A1991¦~10¤ë23¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C

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¤jªk©xÅSµ·?¤Ú¼w?ª÷´µ§B®æ¡]Ruth Bader Ginsburg¡^1933¦~3¤ë15¤é¥Í©ó¯Ã¬ù¥«¥¬¾|§JªL°Ï¡]Brooklyn¡^¡A1954¦~»P°¨¤B?ª÷´µ§B®æ¡]Martin D Ginsburg¡^µ²±B¡A¦³¤@¨à¤@¤k¡X¡X¸â©i´µ¡]James¡^©M²¡]Jane¡^¡C¦o¦b±d©`º¸¤j¾ÇÀò±o¤å¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A´¿´NŪ¤_«¢¦ò¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|¡A¨Ã¦b­ô­Û¤ñ¨È¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|Àò±oªk¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C1959¦Ü1961¦~¡A¾á¥ô¯Ã¬ù«n°ÏÁp¨¹ªk°|ªk©x¦ã¼w»X?©¬º¸¦Ì­CùØ¡]Edmund L. Palmieri¡^ªºªk«ß®Ñ°O©x¡F1961¦Ü1963¦~¦b­ô­Û¤ñ¨È¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|°ê»Úµ{¦¡±M®×¡]Project on International Procedure¡^¥ý«á¾á¥ô¬ã¨s­û©M±M®×°Æ¥D¥ô¡F1963¦Ü1972¦~¤Î1972¦Ü1980¦~¥ý«á¥ô©Ô¯S®æ´µ¤j¾Ç¡]Rutgers University¡^©M­ô­Û¤ñ¨È¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|ªk¾Ç±Ð±Â¡F©ó1977¡B78¦~¶¡¦b´µ©ZºÖ¤j¾Ç¦æ¬°¬ì¾Ç¨t°ª¯Å¬ã¨s¤¤¤ß¥ô¬ã¨s­û¡F1971¦~¦b¬ü°ê¤½¥Á¦Û¥Ñ¨ó·|¡]American Civil Liberties Union¡A²ºÙACLU¡^«Ø¥ß¡§°ü¤kÅv§Q±M®×¡¨¡]Women¡¦s Rights Project¡^¹Lµ{¤¤µo´§¤F­«­n§@¥Î¡F1973¦Ü1980¦~¾á¥ôACLUÁ`ªk«ßÅU°Ý¡F1974¦Ü1980¦~¨Ã¾á¥ô¸Ó²Õ´¥þ°ê²z¨Æ·|²z¨Æ¡F1980¦~³Q´£¦W¾á¥ôÁp¨¹­ô­Û¤ñ¨È¯S°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡F¥Ñ§JªL¹y¡]Clinton¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A1993¦~8¤ë10¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C

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¤jªk©x´µ¸¦ªâ?§G¹p­C¡]Stephen G. Breyer¡^1938¦~8¤ë15¤é¥Í©ó¥[§QºÖ¥§¨È¦{¤Tÿ¥«¥«¡]San Francisco¡^¡A1967¦~»Pã¦w®R?¶Âº¸¡]Joanna Hare¡^µ²±B¡A¦³¤T­Ó¤l¤k¡X¡X§J¬¥¦ã¡]Chloe¡^¡B¤ºº¸¡]Nell¡^©MÁÚ§Jº¸¡]Michael¡^¡C¥L¾Ö¦³´µ©ZºÖ¤j¾Ç©M¤û¬z¤j¾Çº¿®æ¹F­Û¾Ç°|ªº¤å¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A¥H¤Î«¢¦ò¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|ªºªk¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C¦b¬ü°ê³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¨È·æ?¤à¼w³ù1964¦~ªº¥ô´Á¤¤¾á¥ô¨äªk«ß®Ñ°O©x¡F1965¦Ü1967¦~,¥ô­t³d¤Ï¦«©Ô´µ¨Æ°Èªº¬ü°ê§U²z¥qªk³¡ªøªº¯S§O§U²z¡F1973¦~¥ô¤ôªù¨Æ¥ó¯S§OÀ˱±²Õ§U²z¯S§OÀ˹î©x¡]Assistant Special Prosecutor of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force¡^¡F1974¦Ü1975¦~¡A¥ô¬ü°ê°Ñij°|¥qªk©e­û·|¯S§Oªk«ßÅU°Ý¡F1979¦Ü1980¦~¡A¥ô¸Ó©e­û·|­º®uªk«ßÅU°Ý¡F1967¦Ü1994¦~¶¡¡A¥ý«á¦b«¢¦ò¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|¥ôªk¾Ç§U²z±Ð±Â¡B±Ð±Â©MÁ¿®v¡F1977¦Ü1980¦~¶¡¡A¥ô«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç¥Ì°i­}¬F©²¾Ç°|±Ð±Â¡F¦P´Á¦b¿D¤j§Q¨È±x¥§ªk¾Ç°|©Mù°¨¤j¾Ç¥ô«È®y±Ð±Â¡F1980¦Ü1990¦~¡A¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹²Ä¤@°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡F1990¦~¦Ü1994¦~¡A¥ô¸Ó¤W¶Dªk°|­º®uªk©x¡F¦P´Á¤]¬O¬ü°ê¥qªk¤j·|¦¨­û¡F1985¦Ü1989¦~¡A¬°¬ü°ê¶q¦D©e­û·|¡]United States Sentencing Commission¡^¦¨­û¡F¥Ñ§JªL¹y¡]Clinton¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A1994¦~8¤ë3¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C

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¤jªk©x¼»¥À¦Õ?ªü§Q¦«¡]Samuel A. Alito, Jr¡^1950¦~4¤ë1¤é¥Í©ó·s¿A¦è¦{ªº¯S¹p¹y¥«¡]Trenton¡^¡A1985¦~»Pº¿²ï-¦w?³Õ©i¥[¯S¯Ç¡]Martha-Ann Bomgardner¡^µ²±B¡A¦³¤@¨à¤@¤k¡X¡Xµá¤O®ú¡]Philip¡^©MÅÚ©Ô¡]Laura¡^¡C1976¦Ü1977¦~¡A¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹²Ä¤T°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x­Û¯Ç¼w?¥[«ä¡]Leonard I. Garth¡^ªºªk«ß®Ñ°O©x¡F1977¦Ü1981¦~¡A¥ô·s¿A¦è°ÏÁp¨¹§U²zÀ˹î©x¡F1981¦Ü1985¦~¡A¥ô¬ü°ê¥qªk³¡Á`À˹îªø§U²z¡]Assistant to the Solicitor General¡^¡F1985¦Ü1987¦~¡A¥ô¬ü°ê¥qªk³¡°Æ§U²z¥qªk³¡ªø¡]Deputy Assistant Attorney General¡^¡F1987¦Ü1990¦~¡A¥ô·s¿A¦è°ÏÁp¨¹À˹î©x¡F1990¦~³Q¥ô©R¬°¬ü°êÁp¨¹²Ä¤T°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡F¥Ñ³ìªv?W?¥¬§Æ¡]George W. Bush¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A2006¦~1¤ë31¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C

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¤jªk©x¯Á¥§ÔÕ?¯Á¦«°¨¬ùº¸¡]Sonia Sotomayor¡^1954¦~6¤ë25¤é¥Í©ó¯Ã¬ù¥«¥¬®Ô§J´µ°Ï¡]Bronx¡^¡A©ó1976¦~¦b´¶ªL´µ¹y¤j¾ÇÀò¤å¾Ç¤h¡A¥H³ÌÀu²§¦¨ÁZ²¦·~¨ÃÀò±o³Ì°ª¾Ç·~¼ú¡A1979¦~¦b­C¾|¤j¾Çªk¾Ç°|Àòªk¾Ç³Õ¤h¡A¨Ã´¿¾á¥ô¡m­C¾|ªk¾ÇÂø»x¡n½s¿è¡C1979¦Ü1984¦~¦b¯Ã¬ù°p¦a°ÏÀ˹î©x¿ì¤½«Ç¾á¥ô§U²z¦a°ÏÀ˹î©x¡F1984¦Ü1992¦~¦b¯Ã¬ù¥«Pavia & Harcourtªk«ß¨Æ°È©Ò°õ·~¡A·~°È»â°ì¬°°ê»Ú°Ó¶T¡A¨Ã¦¨¬°¸Ó¨Æ°È©Ò¦X¹Ù¤H¤§¤@¡F1991¦~¥Ñ³ìªv?¥¬§Æ¡]George H.W. Bush¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°ê¯Ã¬ù«n°Ï¦a°Ïªk°|ªk©x¡A ¦Û1992°_¾á¥ô¸Ó¾°È¦Ü1998¦~¡F1998¦~¦Ü2009¦~¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹²Ä¤G°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡F2009¦~5¤ë26¤é¥Ñ¤Ú©Ô§J?¶ø¤Ú°¨¡]Barack Obama¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A2009¦~8¤ë8¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C

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¡]°h¥ð¡^¤jªk©x®á¼w©Ô?¶ø±d¯Ç¡]Sandra Day O¡¦Connor¡^1930¦~3¤ë26¤é¥Í©ó¼w§JÂÄ´µ¦{ªº®Jº¸©¬¯Á¥«¡]El Paso¡^¡A1952¦~»P¬ù¿«?¶ø±d¯Ç¡]John Jay O¡¦Connor III¡^µ²±B¡A¦³¤T­Ó¨à¤l¡X¡X´µ¬ì¯S¡]Scott¡^¡B¥¬¿à®¦¡]Brian¡^©M³Ç¥ì¡]Jay¡^¡C¦o¦b´µ©ZºÖ¤j¾ÇÀò±o¤å¾Ç¤h©Mªk¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C1952¦Ü1953¦~¡A¥ô¥[§QºÖ¥§¨È¦{¸t°¨¯S¶ø¿¤¡]San Mateo County¡^°ÆÀ˹î©x¡F1954¦Ü1957¦~¡A¦b¼w°êªkÄõ§JºÖ­x»Ý¥«³õ¤¤¤ß¡]Quartermaster Market Center¡^¾á¥ô¥Á¨Æ«ß®v¡F1958¦Ü1960¦~¡A¦b¨È§Q®á¨º¦{°¨¨½­³º¸¥«¡]Maryvale¡^°µ°õ·~«ß®v¡F1965¦Ü1969¦~¡A¥ô¨È§Q®á¨º¦{§U²z¥qªk³¡ªø¡F1969¦~³Q¥ô©R¬°¨È§Q®á¨º¦{°Ñij­û¡AÀH«áÀò¿ï³s¥ô¨â­Ó¨â¦~¥ô´Á¡F1975¦~³Q¿ï¬°°¨¨½¬ì©¬°p¡]Maricopa County¡^°ª¯Åªk°|ªk©x¡A¦b¸Ó¾¦ì¤W¤@ª½ªA°È¨ì1979¦~¡A¸Ó¦~¦o³Q¥ô©R¬°¨È§Q®á¨º¦{¤W¶Dªk°|¡]Arizona Court of Appeals¡^ªk©x¡F¥Ñ¹p®Ú¡]Reagan¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A1981¦~9¤ë25¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C2006¦~1¤ë31¤é°h¥ð¡C

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¡]°h¥ð¡^¤jªk©x¤j½Ã?Ĭ¯S¡]David H. Souter¡^1939¦~9¤ë17¤é¥Í©ó³Â¶ë½Ñ¶ë¦{ªº±öº¸Ã¹´µ¥«¡]Melrose¡^¡A¥L²¦·~©ó«¢¦ò¾Ç°|¨ÃÀò±o¤å¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A«áÀò¡§Ã¹¯÷¡¨¼ú¾Çª÷¡]Rhodes Scholarship¡^¡A¦b¤û¬z¤j¾Çº¿®æ¹F­Û¾Ç°|´NŪ¨â¦~¡AÀò±o¤û¬z¤j¾Çªk²z¾Ç¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡A¨Ã©ó1989¦~Àò¸Ó®Õ¤å¾ÇºÓ¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C¦bÀò±o«¢¦ò¤j¾Çªk¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì«á¡A©ó1966¦~¨ì·s¨u¥¬¤°º¸¦{±d¬ì¯S¥«¡]Concord¡^ªº¶øº¸-¹p¿Õ¡]Orr and Reno¡^«ß®v¨Æ°È©Ò¥ô¾¡Aª½¦Ü1968¦~¡A¸Ó¦~³Q¥ô©R¬°·s¨u¥¬¤°º¸¦{§U²z¥qªk³¡ªø¡F1971¦~¦¨¬°¦{°ÆÀ˹îªø¡F1976¦~¾á¥ô¦{¥qªk³¡°Æ³¡ªø¡F1978¦~³Q´£¦W¬°·s¨u¥¬¤°º¸¦{°ª¯Åªk°|ªk©x¡F1983¦~³Q¥ô©R¬°·s¨u¥¬¤°º¸¦{¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡F1990¦~5¤ë25¤é¦¨¬°¬ü°êÁp¨¹²Ä¤@°Ï¤W¶Dªk°|ªk©x¡F¥Ñ³ìªv¥¬§Æ¡]George H.W. Bush¡^Á`²Î´£¦W¾á¥ô¬ü°êÁp¨¹³Ì°ªªk°|¤jªk©x¡A1990¦~10¤ë9¤é¥¿¦¡´N¥ô¦¹Â¾¡C2009¦~6¤ë29¤é°h¥ð¡C

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