College and University Education in the United States

College and University Education in the United States

專業選擇與職業選擇

選擇專業可能是一項艱巨的任務。高等院校委員會(The College Board)出版的《專業指南》("Book of Majors")對3600所院校開設的900多個專業作了介紹。雖然有很多書籍可以為您尋找合適的專業提供幫助,但您仍應查詢有關大學的網站,因為這些網站免費提供非常有用的信息。

每一所高等院校都在學校介紹材料中和網站上列出所有專業和學位目錄,並提供瞭解和選擇專業的大量信息、工具及信息來源。例如,明尼蘇達大學的網站在《選擇及轉換專業手冊》("A Workbook for Choosing and Changing Your Major")一欄說明了有關大學專業與未來職業的關係。 [http://ucs1.ucs.umn.edu/www/majorworkbook.html]

專業類別

有些專業與職業選擇密切相關,而另一些則沒有很直接的關係。從職業發展的角度來看,專業可分為三大類:

不以具體職業為目標的專業
這類專業不以就業或某一領域為目標。將這樣的專業與相關的經驗和實習結合起來,你便可得到側重某一職業發展的學位。此類專業包括歷史學、政治學、社會學等。對有些人來說,這些專業是一個基礎,便於日後進一步深造,無論是參加在職培訓或是讀研究生院。

以具體職業為目標的專業
側重某一職業的專業便於學生未來從事某一領域的工作,但並非針對某一具體的工作而設計。這些專業使您在畢業後有能力從事見習性工作。新聞學、管理學或數學都屬於此類。

為直接從事具體職業做準備的專業
此類專業涉及為某一具體工作或職業作專門的準備。這些專業在設計上往往著眼於達到獲得某一行業執照或證書的要求。教育學、護理學或工程學即屬於此類專業。

常見專業一覽表

農學
Agricultural Sciences
Animal Sciences
Plant & Soil Sciences
Agricultural Business Management
Range Management
Agricultural Mechanization
Horticulture
Veterinary Sciences

計算機科學
Computer & Information
Sciences
Computer Programming
Data Processing
Information Management
Sciences & Systems
Computer Mathematics
Library Science
Museums & Preservation

教育學
Bilingual/Crosscultural Education
Special Education
Counseling
Adult & Continuing Education
Elementary Education
Pre-School Education
Junior Education
Senior High Education
Art, Music, & Drama Education
Home Economics Education
Physical/Health/Fitness Education
Science Education
Vocational/Industrial Education
Business Education
Foreign Language Teacher
Education
Liberal Arts Education
Social Science Education
Mathematics Education
Computer Science Education
Religious Education

工程學
Aerospace Aeronautical Engineering
Astronautical Engineering
Agricultural Engineering
Architectural Engineering
Bioengineering
Biomedical Engineering
Ceramic Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Communications Engineering
Computer Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Electronics Engineering
Geological Engineering
Geophysical Engineering
Industrial Engineering & Design
Materials Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Metallurgical Engineering
Mining & Mineral Engineering
Marine Engineering
Naval Architecture
Nuclear Engineering
Petroleum Engineering
Surveying & Mapping Sciences
Systems Analysis & Engineering

工程技術
Drafting
Automotive Engineering
Technology
Electrical Technology
Electromechanical Technology
Environmental/Energy Control
Technology
Engineering Mechanics
Occupational Safety & Health
Technology
Construction & Building
Technology
Aviation & Air Transportation
Transportation/Logistics

英語語言和文學
English Language
Classics & Classical Studies
Comparative Literature
Creative Writing
Linguistics
American Literature
English Literature
Speech & Rhetorical Studies
Technical and Business Writing

民族研究
African Studies
American Studies
Asian & Pacific Area Studies
European Studies
Latin American Studies
Middle Eastern Studies
Afro-American (Black) Studies
Native American Studies
Hispanic-American Studies
Islamic Studies
Judaism & Jewish Studies

外國語言
Foreign Languages/Literature
Chinese
Japanese
Asian Languages
German
Scandinavian
French
Italian
Spanish
Portuguese
Latin
Greek
Hebrew
Middle Eastern Languages
Russian
Slavic (other than Russian)

文科基礎研究和跨學科研究
Humanities
Conflict Resolution/Peace Studies
Women's Studies
Liberal/General Studies
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies
Individualized Majors

數學
Mathematics
Actuarial Sciences
Applied Mathematics
Statistics

軍事科學和防護服務
Military Sciences
Criminal Justice & Law Enforcement
Fire Protection & Security

公園和娛樂
Parks Administration
Sports, Recreation, & Leisure
Studies
Equestrian Studies
Conservation Management
Protection
Forestry Production & Processing
Forestry
Wildlife & Fish Management
Ecology Sciences
Environmental Sciences

哲學、宗教和神學
Philosophy
Religion & Theology
Philosophy & Religion
Biblical Languages
Bible Studies
Religious Education
Religious Music
Ministry & Church Administration

公共事務和法律
Criminal Justice & Law Enforcement
Public Affairs/Administration
Social Work & Social Services
Pre-Law
Legal Assisting

基礎科學
Biology
Biochemistry
Biophysics
Botany
Cell & Molecular Biology
Microbiology/Bacteriology
Zoology
Marine Biology
Biological Specializations
Physical Sciences
Astronomy
Astrophysics
Atmospheric Sciences
Meteorology
Chemistry
Geological Sciences
Physics
Earth & Space Sciences
Science Technologies

社會科學
Anthropology
Archaeology
Criminology
Economics
Geography
Government
History
International Affairs/Relations
Political Science
Psychology
Sociology
Urban Studies

視覺藝術和表演藝術
Crafts & Artisanry
Dance
Design
Photography
Dramatic Arts
Film Arts
Fine Arts
Music
Interior Design

(轉載自 A2zcolleges.com.)

College and University Education in the United States

美國國務院電子期刊:2005年11月 |