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那司皮爾斯與雅其碼印第安人的「大酋長們」在奧勒岡的合影：1911年
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約瑟夫 (Joseph) 酋長在1877年10月5日投降了
因為相信和平，約瑟夫酋長試著要保護他的那司皮爾斯 (Nez
Perce) 部落、家鄉免於戰爭。對約瑟夫酋長和他的子民來說，他們的家鄉土地是神聖的，就像是教堂一般。一開始政府允許他們留在自己的土地上，但是幾年之後，又逼迫他們要離開。當他們開始離開在奧勒岡瓦拉瓦谷 (Wallowa
Valley) 古老的家鄉，遷徙到愛達荷的保留地時，約瑟夫酋長得知有三個那司皮爾斯年輕人因為不滿自己的損失，而採取粗暴行動。
Believing in peace, Chief Joseph had been trying to secure his homeland for his tribe, the Nez Percé, without fighting. To Chief Joseph and his tribe, their homeland was sacred, like a cathedral. At first, the government allowed them to stay in their home regions, then some years later, forced them out. As they began their journey from their ancestral home in the Wallowa Valley of Oregon to a reservation in Idaho, the chief learned that three young Nez Percé men, enraged at their loss, had committed a brutal act.
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